Improvement in steam-engines



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JQM/- 4 AMA Pf/aro-urwGMPH/a 60.. l (osada/vis Mauss) UNITED STATESPATENT v OFFICEH GEORGE H. BAILEY AND HARVEY H. BURRITT, OF NEWARK, NEWJERSEY.

IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM-ENGINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 117,362, dated July 25,1871.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, GEORGE H. BAILEY andHARVEY H. BURRITT, of Newark city, in the county of Essex and State ofNew Jersey, have invented certain Improvements in Steam-Engines, of theclass commonly used for pumping water, by the immediate attachment of asteam and water-piston to the same piston-rod.

These improvements relate to those parts of the machine which regulatethe entrance and exit of steam to and from the steam-cylinder, thepiston of which, by its movements, operates the pump attached to themachine. Our invention relates to that class of steam-pumps employed forforcing water against pressure, as in pumping water into steam-boilersand into elevated reservoirs for water-works or mains ofthe same. It iswell known that in such pumps a g'reat deal of j ar is produced by therapid movements of the water-piston, causing the valves at each end ofthe stroke to open and close suddenly and the currents of water in thesuction an d disch arge-pipes to change velocity suddenly. -The objectof our invention is to produce such a movement ofthe water-piston thatall concussive action of the valves and the water in the pipes connectedwith the pump shall be avoided. This we accomplish by a novelarrangement of valve-gearin g and novel construction of the valvesattached to the steam-cylinder, the piston of which controls effectuallythe movements of the Water-piston. The valve-gearing described isoperated by a connection with the steam or water-piston so as to receivean impulse before the end of each stroke of the pistons. This movementis communicated to a rotary valve, A, provided with ports B and C forconducting live steam from the boiler to either end of a steamchest, E,in which a piston-valve, F, is arranged to supply steam to thesteam-piston of the pump, in such a manner as to bring the steam-pistonto rest at each end of the stroke. This rest or pause of the pistons ina steam-pump has been produced hitherto by connecting two pumps togetherin such a manner that the valve-gearin g on each pump was operated bythe steam-piston ofthe other pump; and our invention is designed toimprove upon this mode of construction by making a single pump operateits own steam and water-valves, and 'yet secure a rest or pause of thepistons at each end of the stroke.

That our mode of construction may be fully understood, we will describeall the parts ofthe mechanism employed, referring to the drawingattached to this application.

Figure l is a rear elevation of the steam-cylinder O of a steam-pumpconstructed according tobur plan, with a steam-chest, E, attached to it,in which a piston-valve, F, operates to admit steam to either end of thecylinder O, as required. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of thesteam-cylinder O, with the steam-chest E, valve A in its box, andvalve-gearing I J K L. Fig. 3 is a plan," showing the steam-chest E andpiston-valve F in section, so as to exhibit the arrangement of thesteam-passages B C and the exhaust-passages Q. Fig. 4 is an enlarged anddetached view of the rotating valve A and the box in which it rotatesbetween the ports B and (l. Fig. 5 is a connected view of thesteam-cylinder O and Watercylin der l), one end of which is shown in theview. Fig. 6 is a side sectional view of the steamchest E, with thepiston-valve at the end of its stroke, so that steam is entering thepassage Z to the steam-cylinder O, and the exhaust-passa ge Zl is open,connecting with the opposite end of the cylinder O.

The objects of this mechanism are to admit steam to the `steam-cylinderat the beginning of the stroke, to-cut off the supply of steam a littlebefore the end ofthe stroke, and to close the corresponding eXhaust-portat the same time, (a little before the end of the stroke,) so as toprevent the escape of the outgoing steam, and cushion in the cylinderwhat remains confined, in order to bring the piston to a rest easily andqui etly. The time necessary for this cushioning and the pause of thepiston at the end ofthe stroke is obtained by making the parts of thepiston-valve (marked in Fig. 3 as F F F F) that cover the steam-ports ZZl (and the exhaust-ports Q) of a greater width than the portsthemselves; and this time is further regulated by a regulating-valve, T,Fig. l, which controls the rapidity with which the valve F makes itsmovements in chest E. Suplosing all the parts of the pump to be in acentral position, as shown in Figs. l to 5, and steam to be admitted tochest E by induction-pipe G; if the valve A be then turned so as toadmit steam to port B, the effect of that steam is to move the pi ston-valve F into the position shown in Fig. 6, where steam-port Z(admitting steam to the rear end of the mam steam-cylinder) is shownopen to the live-steam chamber G', and steam-port Z' (allowing theescape of exhaust steam from the front end of steam-cylinder) is shownconnecting With the space Z", between two of the parts of thepiston-valve F. This space Z", when the valve F stands as in Fig. 6,also connects with the main exhaust-port Q', thus making an opencommunication between the cylinder O and the air, (or the condenser, ifthe exhaust-steam is to be condensed.) With the steam and exhaust-portsin this condition, the steam-piston Y makes its forward stroke until thearm M, attached to piston-rod N, strikes the collar X' on valve-shittingrod L. This moves the rod L, knocker or dog K, frog J, and valve A, soas to open steam-port G and admit steam into chest E to move pistonvalveF. It will be noticed that when the valve A is moved to open port C italso brings chamber W into comnmnication with passage D and port H. rhisH is the exhaust-port for steamchest E, (required for the dischargeofthe spent steam iirst used to give motion to valve F,) and it opensdirectly' into passages S and R, which lead to the main exhaust-outlet Qof the cylinder O. But before the exhaust steam from either end of chest.E can pass from passage H into S it meets the face or button-disk ofregulatingvalve T, which may be set more or less open, at the will ofthe operator; and itis evident that the rapidity with which thepiston-valve F moves in its chest lil (so as to close the port thatsupplies one end of cylinder() with steam, and opens the port to supplythe other end) will depend upon the opening ot this valve T, whichregulates the escape of the steam from the end of chest E toward whichthe valve F is moving. As it is possible to rotate valve A from one ofits usual positions to the other with a very small movement of rod L andarm M, it is easy to secure the opening of port B or C before thepiston-valve F (checked in its motion by the regulating-valve T) hasentirely closed the steam-port Z or Z' 5 but even after that port hasbeen closed the steam already in cylinder O may produce motion of pistonY by its expansive force. As observed, the faces of valve F are mademuch Wider than the ports Z Z and Q and Q'. The

eiect of this construction is to close the exhaustport Q or Q' by thelirst part of the valves motion F, and then the remainder of the motion(the time of making which is wholly controlled by valve T) is occupiedby the passage of the lap of the valve over the closed port. During allthis time, the. exhaust-port being closed, the piston Y is cushioningagainst the exhaust steam confined in the cylinder, and is thus broughtto a state of rest without concussion, the duration of this rest beingeasily controlled by valve T, which permits valve F to take any timedesired to complete its travel and throw live steam into the cylinder testart the piston in the opposite direction. It will be noticed that thepiston-valve F requires a cover, F" and F', (which might be continuous,)attached to it, (shown in Figs. l and 3,) to cover the exhaust-ports Qand Q' when at the extreme ends of its stroke. A small recess, withplunger to iit it, might be made in each end of the chest E to check themotion of valve F at the ends of its stroke and avoid concussion withhard metal. The steam from main steam-chest E is admitted to valve A byan opening marked V on Figs. l and 2. I is the stem of the rotatingvalve A, by which it is turned in its box.

Having thus i'ully described the nature and objects of our invention,what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows,observing that, although we have shown the application of this steammechanism simply to a water-pump, we do not confine ourselves to anyparticular application of our invention:

l. The piston-valve F, as described, with four pistons and cover F" andF'.

2. The combination of the rotating valve A with the piston-valve F, asdescribed.

3. The valve-chest E, constructed with steaminduction port G, passages VQ Q', and eductionports Z and Z', arranged substantially as shown anddescribed.

4. The regulating-valve T, as shown and described, for controlling themovement oi valve F.

5. The combination oi' the piston-valve F, rotary valve A, andregulating-valve T, with the connections to the steam-piston Y, so thatthe latter cushions upon steam at each end of the stroke to a degreecontrolled by valve T.

' GEO. H. BAILEY.

H. H. BURRITT. Witnesses:

Tiros. S. CRANE, FREDK. K. DAY.

